Emissions Reporting

Product carbon footprints break down when factor versions, boundaries, supplier inputs, and corrections change without control. For GCC companies, a defensible PCF means locked factor sets, versioned methodology, evidence-linked activity data, and a change log that shows what changed, why it changed, and whether history was restated. That matters more now because the EU’s Carbon […]

Emission factors in the GCC: DEFRA vs IEA vs local utility factors (and how to govern them) Emission factors can change your reported footprint even when operations stay the same, especially in electricity-heavy GCC businesses. The safest approach is to prioritize the most geographically representative factors available (utility/subnational for Scope 2 where possible), use IEA […]

Financed emissions are the portion of a counterparty’s greenhouse gas emissions attributed to a financial institution’s loans and investments (Scope 3 Category 15: Investments). In the GCC, financed emissions programs most often break on three points: inconsistent attribution in syndicated and structured financing, uneven portfolio coverage, and weak auditability when evidence is scattered across PDFs, […]

Dubai’s most practical path to aviation decarbonisation is staged: scale Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) first, industrialise power-to-liquid (PtL) e-fuels next, and prepare for hydrogen infrastructure where it delivers earlier value (airside and ground operations) while aircraft technology matures. The main risk is not only fuel supply, but credibility: aviation fuel claims need lifecycle accounting, chain-of-custody, […]

Buying local doesn’t automatically reduce Scope 3 emissions. Local sourcing often lowers emissions when it reduces air freight, damage/waste, or enables circular flows, but it can increase emissions if local production is more carbon-intensive than your current supplier. The most defensible approach is to compare scenarios using supplier production data plus logistics activity data aligned […]

Broadly speaking, there are two types of carbon emissions (operational emissions and supply chain emissions). Operational emissions comprise Scope 1 and 2, while supply chain emissions are considered Scope 3.

Climate disclosure regulations are setting the stage for a “trickle-down effect” that influences every industry and every stage of the supply chain.

Companies subject to climate regulation must select the appropriate carbon accounting protocol. Here are the two key protocols and how they align to major climate regulations.